An important issue in automation programming is speed; automated scripts or macros can be relatively slow when they require making calls between applications.  There are a number of techniques for helping to improve their performance, the most important of which is to minimize the number of calls between applications.  The Multiframe automation interface has been designed to provide the advanced user with a number of techniques for minimizing the number of calls across the interface.  This includes using collections and lists to add or modify a group of objects at once and the exchange of data using arrays contained within VARIANT data types. Examples of these are given in Chapter 10 Collections and Lists and in Chapter 12 Examples.